Legend:

🔵 Quite sure

🟠 With doubts

⚫ TBD

Disputes & Open Questions

Syncing & Concurrency

Concurrency remains an open problem.\nMultiple peers may modify the same data concurrently, leading to conflicts that must be resolved deterministically.
Event linearization vs. decentralization.\nToday, servers may linearize events to simplify consistency, but this introduces centralization. Can we preserve correctness without relying on a single authority?
Optimistic concurrency control.\nAssume operations succeed locally and resolve conflicts later. This requires robust conflict-resolution semantics.
Time conflicts.\nWall-clock time is unreliable across devices. Logical clocks (e.g. vector clocks or Lamport clocks) may be necessary.

Data Model: Operations vs. State

Blob vs. operations.\nShould we store raw state snapshots, operation logs, or a hybrid?
CRDTs as a foundation.\nCRDTs can help resolve conflicts without coordination.
- Operation-based CRDTs vs. state-based CRDTs remains an open choice.
- State-based CRDTs require enough metadata/history to converge correctly.
Deletion semantics.\nDeletion implies tombstones.
- How long do we keep them?
- Can we garbage-collect safely without breaking convergence?

Device & Peer Metadata

Per-device vector clocks.\nTracking causality per device could enable better merges and conflict resolution.
Signed operations.\nOperations can be cryptographically signed and distributed peer-to-peer, removing the need for a central server to establish authorship or validity.

Subscriptions & Notifications

Subscription model.\nShould subscriptions be merged or deduplicated across devices and peers?
Vault-based notifications.\nOne option is storing notification state (or a notification server reference) inside the user’s vault.
Centralization tradeoff.\nEmail and push notifications likely require some form of central service—this may be unavoidable.

Authentication & Sessions

Invocation-based authentication.\nShould all actions be authorized via explicit invocations?
Session keys.\nAlternatively, short-lived session keys could reduce overhead for frequent operations.
Hybrid approach?\nInvocations for delegation, session keys for performance.

Privacy & Confidentiality

Private documents between peers.\nHow far can we go without servers?
Zero-knowledge techniques.\nZK proofs or encrypted capabilities may allow sharing metadata or permissions without revealing content.
Selective disclosure.\nCan peers prove authorization without exposing document contents or full histories?

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